From the article (note the comments about syringic acid and resveratrol): "New small molecules such as the natural plant substance syringic acid, found in blueberries and blue grapes, and the dopamine reuptake inhibitor vanoxerin were found to protect neurons from the aging process and thus keep the nervous system intact in old age. In contrast, substances such as the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 and resveratrol were determined to promote the aging process and neurodegeneration and could act as neurotoxins."
Abstract: "Different neuron types show distinct susceptibility to age-dependent degeneration, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we applied aging clocks to single neuron types in Caenorhabditis elegans and found that distinct neurons differ in their biological age. Ciliated sensory neurons with high neuropeptide and protein biosynthesis gene expression show accelerated aging and degeneration, correlating with loss of function, which could be prevented by pharmacological inhibition of translation. We show that the C. elegans neuronal aging transcriptomes correlate with human brain aging patterns and anticorrelate with geroprotective interventions. We performed an in silico drug screen to identify potentially neuroprotective small molecules. We show that the natural occurring plant metabolite syringic acid and the piperazine derivative vanoxerine delay neuronal degeneration, and propose these compounds as neuroprotective interventions. Furthermore, we identify neurotoxins that accelerate neurodegeneration, indicating that distinguishing aging trajectories between neuron types can inform on protective interventions as well as risk factors."
From the article (note the comments about syringic acid and resveratrol): "New small molecules such as the natural plant substance syringic acid, found in blueberries and blue grapes, and the dopamine reuptake inhibitor vanoxerin were found to protect neurons from the aging process and thus keep the nervous system intact in old age. In contrast, substances such as the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 and resveratrol were determined to promote the aging process and neurodegeneration and could act as neurotoxins."
But note: Nematode (C. elegans) model
Original article: "Aging clocks delineate neuron types vulnerable or resilient to neurodegeneration and identify neuroprotective interventions" - https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-026-01067-5
Abstract: "Different neuron types show distinct susceptibility to age-dependent degeneration, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we applied aging clocks to single neuron types in Caenorhabditis elegans and found that distinct neurons differ in their biological age. Ciliated sensory neurons with high neuropeptide and protein biosynthesis gene expression show accelerated aging and degeneration, correlating with loss of function, which could be prevented by pharmacological inhibition of translation. We show that the C. elegans neuronal aging transcriptomes correlate with human brain aging patterns and anticorrelate with geroprotective interventions. We performed an in silico drug screen to identify potentially neuroprotective small molecules. We show that the natural occurring plant metabolite syringic acid and the piperazine derivative vanoxerine delay neuronal degeneration, and propose these compounds as neuroprotective interventions. Furthermore, we identify neurotoxins that accelerate neurodegeneration, indicating that distinguishing aging trajectories between neuron types can inform on protective interventions as well as risk factors."